Working principle of laser cutting machine

The working principle of the laser cutting machine is to release the energy of the laser beam to the surface of the workpiece to melt and evaporate the workpiece, so as to achieve the purpose of cutting and engraving. The laser cutting machine has the characteristics of saving materials, smooth incision, high precision, and fast processing speed. The cutting machine has the following eight main parameters.

1. Feed speed: The continuous cutting time of the laser beam at the current point is inversely proportional to the moving speed of the cutting head on the material plane. The higher the speed, the shorter the duration and vice versa. Sometimes geometric parameters also affect the speed, such as when the time is close, if the cutting part space is too small, it will cause heat accumulation in the material.
2. Cutting head height: The laser beam is focused under the nozzle through the lens, and the power density at the focal point is the largest. Therefore, the height of the cutting head from the cutting surface not only affects the focal area of ​​the plane, but also affects the energy density of the current point.
3. Base photocurrent: directly determines the power of the laser beam. When the ratio is 100%, the laser beam power is the largest.
4. Laser pulse frequency: In addition to continuous laser beams, pulsed laser beams are also used, that is, continuous and fast switching laser beams. By adjusting its duty cycle to adjust its power to achieve some special functions.
5. Laser pulse duty cycle: that is, the percentage of time that the pulse laser is in the continuous on state within a cycle is proportional to the laser power. When the duty cycle is 100%, it is fully turned on in one cycle, that is, continuous laser.
6. Laser power supply: The laser power supply is divided into several parts to provide energy. When necessary, some parts are turned off separately to reduce the power of the laser.
7. Laser power modulation: In order to match different cutting speeds, the laser power can be adjusted at any time with special equipment. For example: when the cutting direction changes, the translational speed of the cutting head will appear lower than the speed of straight-line cutting. If there is no real-time power adjustment in this section, the energy release in this section will be too high to affect the cutting quality; therefore, a modulator is needed to reduce the laser power to meet the needs of cutting corners.
8. Auxiliary gas: It is sprayed by the nozzle to protect the cutting head from dust and improve the cutting quality. Although this factor is independent of laser power and current spot cutting duration, it is an important factor in metal cutting. There are several different gases to choose from to suit the cutting needs of different materials.

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